Are smaller cities more sustainable? environmental externalities in urban areas
The objective of this essay is to explore the relationship between economics of agglomeration, city sizes and negative environmental externalities. Therefore, we contribute to illuminate the controversy on optimal city size, which has been much more concentrated on the reality of developed nations. We emphasize environmental dimensions related to this debate focusing on developing country urban agglomerations. In order to do so we test the hypothesis that smaller cities present better environmental quality indicators than bigger urban centres.
Data and Methods:
Our tentative of rejecting this hypothesis was based upon data on more than 600 cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, including its capital city of São Paulo, one of the largest cities in the world with more than 12 million inhabitants. We used cluster technique for a multivariable analysis with several environmental indicators - for water and air qualities and solid waste disposal and management – and an aggregated quality of life indicator very similar to the Human Development Indicator (HDI).
Results:
Our results reject the hypothesis that smaller cities in a developing country reality are more environmentally sustainable than bigger cities.